Thermal Power Station Principle, Working, Diagrams and functions OF Thermal Power Plants

Thermal Power Station Principle, Working, Diagrams and functions OF Thermal Power Plants

 

Thermal Power Plant Station Explanation

The most common type of Thermal power plant in the world, accounting for about 60% of global electr icity generation are Thermal Plants. Coal, natural gas, or Oil Fired Boilers are used to heat water and generate steam. The steam is then used to turn a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

 

 

Type of Thermal Plant Station

Thermal power plants can be classified into two main types:

 

Conventional thermal power plants: These plants use a steam turbine to generate electricity. The steam is created by burning a fuel, such as coal, natural gas, or oil, in a boiler.

Combined cycleThermal power plants: These plants use a gas turbine and a steam turbine to generate electricity. The gas turbine is used to generate electricity in the first stage, and the steam turbine is used to generate electricity in the second stage. The heat from the gas turbine is used to heat water and create steam for the steam turbine.

Thermal power plants have a number of advantages, including:

 

They are relatively inexpensive to build and operate.

They can be built in a variety of sizes, from small thermal power plants that can power a single community to large plants that can power an entire country

They are reliable and can be operated for a long period of time without interruption.

However, thermal power plants also have a number of disadvantages, including:

 

They emit greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, that contributes to climate change.

They can pollute the air with pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

They consume large amounts of water, that can be a problem in areas with limited water resources.

Despite these disadvantages, thermal power plants are still an important source of electricity in many countries. As the world is transiting to a cleaner energy future, thermal power plants need to be modified to reduce emissions and environmental impact.

 

 

Principle of Thermal Power Plant

“Thermal power plant” as the title infers is the place of mechanism which converts heat energy into electric power.

 

A thermal power plant is a large facility that converts heat energy into electric power. The heat energy is typically generated by burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or natural gas. The hot combustion gases are used to heat water in a Steam boiler, which produces steam. The steam is then used to turn a turbine, which is connected to an electric generator. The generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electric power.

 

Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity in the world. They are reliable and efficient, and they can be built on a large scale. However, they also have a number of environmental drawbacks, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

 

One way to reduce the environmental impact of thermal power plants is to use high-volume combustion technologies. These technologies allow for more efficient combustion of fuel, which reduces emissions. High-volume combustion technologies are also being used to develop new types of thermal power plants that use renewable energy sources, such as biomass and solar thermal energy.

 

Working of Thermal Power Plant

A thermal power plant is a large facility that converts heat energy into electric power. Heat energy is typically generated by burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or natural gas. The hot combustion gases are used to heat water in a boiler, which produces steam. The steam is then used to turn a turbine, which is connected to an electric generator. The generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electric power.

 

Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity in the world. They are reliable and efficient, and they can be built on a large scale. However, they also have a number of environmental drawbacks, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

 

One way to reduce the environmental impact of thermal power plants is to use high-volume combustion technologies. These technologies allow for more efficient combustion of fuel, which reduces emissions. High-volume combustion technologies are also being used to develop new types of thermal power plants that use renewable energy sources, such as biomass and solar thermal energy.

 

This steam is used to rotate the turbine blade turbine shaft is connected to the generator. The generator converts the kinetic energy of the turbine impeller into electric energy.

 

 

Layout and Working Principle Diagram of Thermal Power Plant

 

Thermal Power Plants Station and Thermodyne

Thermodyne Engineering Systems is a leading manufacturer of Industrial boilers and energy solutions. We have over 23 years of experience in the industry, and our products are used by businesses and organizations all over the world.

 

Our boilers are designed to generate high-pressure and-temperature steam, which is used to rotate turbines and generate electricity. We offer a wide range of boilers to meet the needs of our customers, including fire tube boilers, water tube boilers, and superheaters.

 

In addition to our boiler manufacturing capabilities, we also provide energy solutions to our customers. We help them assess their energy needs, design a system that meets their specific requirements. We install and maintain their equipment too.

 

Our goal is to help our customers save money on their energy costs. We offer a variety of energy-efficient products and services, and we work with our customers to develop customized solutions that meet their specific needs.

 

If you are looking for a reliable and experienced boiler manufacturer, or if you need help with your energy needs, contact Thermodyne Engineering Systems today. We would be happy to discuss your requirements and help you find the best solution for your business.

 

We also do turnkey steam industrial boiler plant projects including installation and commissioning of a boiler and its accessories.

 

Working Components of Thermal Power Plant

Thermal Power Plant consists of a whole set of steps in series for producing electricity.

 

Thermal Power Station process flowchart and diagram

 

Thermal Power Station Process Flowchart and Diagram

Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity in the world. They generate electricity by burning fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, or oil. The heat from the combustion of these fuels is used to generate steam, which then drives a turbine to generate electricity.

 

The fuel for a thermal power plant is typically transported from mines to the plant’s fuel storage facility via trains. The fuel is then crushed into smaller pieces using crushers before being fed into the boiler furnace. Once inside the boiler, the fuel undergoes combustion, generating a substantial amount of heat. This heat is then transferred to water, which turns into steam. The steam is then used to drive a turbine, which is connected to a generator. The generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy.

 

Thermal power plants are a reliable source of electricity, but they also have a number of environmental impacts. The combustion of fossil fuels releases pollutants into the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants can cause a number of health problems, such as asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease. Thermal power plants also contribute to climate change by emitting greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide.

 

Despite the environmental impacts, thermal power plants are still an important source of electricity. They are reliable and relatively inexpensive to operate. As the world’s population grows and energy demand increases, thermal power plants are likely to remain an important part of the global energy mix.

 

On the other hand treated water is free from impurities and the air is fed to the boiler drum where the combustion heat from the fuel is transferred to water to convert it into high-pressure and temperature steam.

 

Generally, flue gases from the boiler exhaust are at high temperature and if this heat is not utilized will lead to a large number of losses resulting in reduced boiler efficiencies.

 

So generally this waste heat is recovered by heating either air required for combustion or preheating water before sending it into a boiler.

 

Flue gases are then allowed to pass through a dust collector or a bag filter to arrest dust particles so as to prevent air pollution before sending it to the atmosphere through a chimney.

 

Water Treatment Plant of Thermal power Plant

In thermal power, plant water is used in large quantities this water is converted into steam and used to rotate the turbine so this water and steam come into direct contact with the boiler, boiler tubes, boiler accessories, and turbine blades.

 

Normal water is taken from the river, well contains a lot of dirt, suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved minerals, and dissolved gases such as air, etc. If the water fed to the boiler is not treated then it will reduce the life and efficiency of equipment by corroding the surfaces and scaling equipment which may lead to overheating of pressure parts and explosions.

 

Suspended matter from the water is removed by adding alum in the water tank through gravity separation. The addition of alum coagulates the suspended particles and due to an increase in the density, it settles at the bottom of the tank through gravity.

 

After gravity separation, water softening is done by the ion exchange process. As the hardness comes through the carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium and magnesium, these salts are removed from the water anion exchange and cation exchange process.

 

Water also contains dissolved oxygen and this leads to corrosion and fouling of boiler tubes and surfaces when it comes in their contact. So removing dissolved oxygen from water is done by adding oxygen scavengers and by using a Deaerator tank.

 

The deaerator tank also acts as a feed water tank to store the feed water. On heating feed water in a deaerator tank decreases the solubility of air in water, thereby removing the dissolved air from the water.

 

“Thermodyne  supplies both Water Softeners and Deaerator tanks to improve the quality of feed water to the boiler as this improves the life and efficiency of your boiler and its equipment.”

 

Steam Boiler

A boiler is a pressure vessel that is used to generate high-pressure steam at a saturated temperature. At this high pressure and temperature generally, bi-drum water tube boilers are used.

 

Thermodyne Engineering Systems manufactures water tube boilers of various sizes and capacities that can run on various fuels.

 

Steam Boiler is component of thermal plants

Steam Boiler is the main component of thermal plants

Water-tube boiler consists of a furnace enclosed by the water tube membrane. The crushed fuel from the crushers is fed into the boiler furnace over the grate.

 

The hot air from the Forced Draft (FD) fan is mixed with the crushed fuel causing the combustion of fuel.

 

Combustion of fuel generates a lot of radiation heat which is transferred to water in the membrane tubes. Flue gases generated during combustion travel at high velocity across the convection bank of tubes thereby heating water through convection heat transfer. Hot water is sent into the boiler drum at high pressure through the feed-water pump.

 

Also Read: Combination Boilers

 

The boiler tubes which are in contact with low temperature acts as downcomers to circulate the water while the tubes which are in contact with high-temperature act as risers to carry steam.

 

This leads to an effective circulation of water thereby preventing the tubes from getting overheated.

 

The steam leaving the boiler is at a saturated temperature and pressure but there are a lot of heat losses during its transportation to the turbines.

 

So to increase the quality of the steam, a steam Superheater is installed in a radiate section of a boiler to increase its temperature and dryness fraction without increasing its pressure as well as to accommodate for the transportation temperature losses.

 

The exhaust gases leaving the boiler are generally at high temperatures and this waste heat is extracted by installing an Economiser or Water Preheater to preheat the feed water to the boiler and Air Preheaters to pre-heat the air coming from the Forced Draft Fan required for the combustion of fuel.

 

Installing this equipment helps to decrease the flue gas temperature thereby increasing the efficiency.

 

The flue gases leaving the boiler also contain some ash particles, so as to reduce air pollution, flue gases are allowed to pass through the Dust Collectors and Bag Filters to remove the ash particulates from the flue gases and are sometimes passed through the Wet Scrubbers to decrease the sulfur content from the gases.

 

The flue gases are drawn through this equipment using an Induced Draft (ID) Fan which is designed for a fixed capacity and head to prevent any backpressure. After the ID fan, flue gases are exhausted off into the atmosphere using a chimney.

 

What is Turbine

A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the kinetic and pressure energy of steam into useful work. From the superheater steam goes to the turbine where it expands and loses its kinetic and pressure energy and rotates the turbine blade which in turn rotates the turbine shaft connected to its blades. The shaft then rotates the generator which converts this kinetic energy into electrical energy.