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The Repeatable Times of Quenching and Tempering Repeated quenching is a common occurrence. If the initial quenching fails or the tempering is excessive, re-quenching or re-tempering becomes necessary. However, repeated quenching can lead to quenching cracks due to the accumulation of quenching stress and coarsening of crystal grains, which increases hardenability. Consequently, the chances of deformation [...]

Deburring Methods in Metal Processing Burrs are ubiquitous in metal processing. No matter how advanced and precise the equipment is, burrs will inevitably appear on the finished product. They are primarily caused by plastic deformation of the material, resulting in unwanted excess material along the machined edges. Ductile and malleable materials are particularly susceptible to burr [...]

**Differences Between Straight Seam Steel Pipe, Spiral Steel Pipe, and Seamless Steel Pipe** **Welding Process** In terms of the welding process, the welding methods for spiral welded pipes and straight seam steel pipes are the same. However, straight seam welded pipes inevitably have many T-shaped welds, which greatly increases the probability of welding defects. Moreover, the [...]

Common Pipe Specification Table Nominal Diameter (DN) Outer Diameter of Steel Pipe Seamless Steel Pipe Wall Thickness (mm) Series A Series B 10 Φ17.2 mm Φ14 mm 15 Φ21.3 mm Φ18 mm 20 Φ26.9 mm Φ25 mm 25 Φ33.7 mm Φ32 mm 32 Φ42.4 mm Φ38 mm 40 Φ48.3 mm Φ45 mm 50 Φ60.3 mm Φ57 [...]

Steel Pipe Cross-Sectional Properties Type/Model Outer Diameter Wall Thickness Cross-Sectional Area Weight Weight I W r mm mm mm cm^2 kg/m m^2/m cm^4 cm^3 cm 30x2 30 2 1.759 1.381 0.094 1.730 1.15 0.99 30x2.5 30 2.5 2.160 1.695 0.094 2.060 1.37 0.98 34x2 34 2 2.011 1.578 0.107 2.580 1.52 1.13 34x2.5 34 2.5 2.474 [...]

Common Steel Pipe Specifications Table Pipe diameters should be measured in millimeters (mm), and the expression of pipe diameters should conform to the following regulations: Water and Gas Transmission Steel Pipes (galvanized or non-galvanized), Cast Iron Pipes, etc.: The pipe diameter should be indicated by the nominal diameter DN. Seamless Steel Pipes, Welded Steel Pipes (straight seam [...]

**Steel Pipe Welding Techniques for Connecting Steel Pipes and Flanges**   ### (1) Steel Pipe Butt Welding and Splicing 1. **Steel Pipe Butt Welds** - **Between any two adjacent nodes, there must not be two splicing points in the steel pipe butt welds, and the minimum length of the connecting pipe should be greater than 800 [...]

### Seamless Steel Pipe Production Process The general production process of seamless steel pipes can be categorized into **cold drawing** and **hot rolling**. The production process of cold-rolled seamless steel pipes is generally more complex than that of hot-rolled pipes. The pipe billet first undergoes three-roll continuous rolling. After extrusion, a sizing test is performed. If [...]

### Differences Between Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled Seamless Steel Pipes 1. **Manufacturing Process**: - **Hot-rolled seamless steel pipes** are made by heating a round billet, piercing it, and then rolling it using a three-roll skew rolling process, continuous rolling, or extrusion. After rolling, the pipe goes through sizing, cooling, straightening, hydrostatic testing (or inspection), marking, and then [...]

### Introduction to Common Types of Seamless Steel Pipes 1. **Structural Pipes**: These normally refer to seamless steel pipes used for general structural and mechanical structures. The standard for fluid seamless steel pipes applies to seamless pipes used for conveying fluids. The main difference between fluid seamless pipes and structural seamless pipes is that the former [...]