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The Repeatable Times of Quenching and Tempering Repeated quenching is a common occurrence. If the initial quenching fails or the tempering is excessive, re-quenching or re-tempering becomes necessary. However, repeated quenching can lead to quenching cracks due to the accumulation of quenching stress and coarsening of crystal grains, which increases hardenability. Consequently, the chances of deformation and quenching cracks also [...]

Deburring Methods in Metal Processing Burrs are ubiquitous in metal processing. No matter how advanced and precise the equipment is, burrs will inevitably appear on the finished product. They are primarily caused by plastic deformation of the material, resulting in unwanted excess material along the machined edges. Ductile and malleable materials are particularly susceptible to burr formation. Common types of [...]

**Differences Between Straight Seam Steel Pipe, Spiral Steel Pipe, and Seamless Steel Pipe** **Welding Process** In terms of the welding process, the welding methods for spiral welded pipes and straight seam steel pipes are the same. However, straight seam welded pipes inevitably have many T-shaped welds, which greatly increases the probability of welding defects. Moreover, the residual stress at the [...]

Common Pipe Specification Table Nominal Diameter (DN) Outer Diameter of Steel Pipe Seamless Steel Pipe Wall Thickness (mm) Series A Series B 10 Φ17.2 mm Φ14 mm 15 Φ21.3 mm Φ18 mm 20 Φ26.9 mm Φ25 mm 25 Φ33.7 mm Φ32 mm 32 Φ42.4 mm Φ38 mm 40 Φ48.3 mm Φ45 mm 50 Φ60.3 mm Φ57 mm 65 Φ76.1 mm [...]

Steel Pipe Cross-Sectional Properties Type/Model Outer Diameter Wall Thickness Cross-Sectional Area Weight Weight I W r mm mm mm cm^2 kg/m m^2/m cm^4 cm^3 cm 30x2 30 2 1.759 1.381 0.094 1.730 1.15 0.99 30x2.5 30 2.5 2.160 1.695 0.094 2.060 1.37 0.98 34x2 34 2 2.011 1.578 0.107 2.580 1.52 1.13 34x2.5 34 2.5 2.474 1.942 0.107 3.090 1.82 [...]

Common Steel Pipe Specifications Table Pipe diameters should be measured in millimeters (mm), and the expression of pipe diameters should conform to the following regulations: Water and Gas Transmission Steel Pipes (galvanized or non-galvanized), Cast Iron Pipes, etc.: The pipe diameter should be indicated by the nominal diameter DN. Seamless Steel Pipes, Welded Steel Pipes (straight seam or spiral seam), Copper [...]