Monel 400 N04400 2.4360 Nickel-Copper Alloy Pipe & Tube

Description

Alloy 400 is a nickel-copper (about 67% Ni – 23% Cu) solid solution strengthened alloy. The alloy is characterized by moderate strength, good weldability, good general corrosion resistance and toughness. It is useful at temperatures up to 1000°F (538°C). Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish or seawater where cavitation and erosion resistance is necessary. It is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. Alloy 400 is slightly magnetic at room temperature.

In what forms is Monel 400 Available at Fushun Metal?

Sheet

Plate

Bar

Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)

Fittings (i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, returns, caps, crosses, reducers, and pipe nipples)

Wire

Applications

Alloy 400 is widely used in many fields, especially marine and chemical processing. Typical applications are valves and pumps; pump and propeller shafts; marine fixtures and fasteners; electrical and electronic components; springs; chemical processing equipment; gasoline and fresh water tanks; crude petroleum stills, process vessels and piping; boiler feed water heaters and other heat exchangers; and deaerating heaters.

In what applications is Monel 400 used?

Marine engineering

Chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment

Gasoline and freshwater tanks

Crude petroleum stills

De-aerating heaters

Boiler feed water heaters and other heat exchangers

Valves, pumps, shafts, fittings, and fasteners

Industrial heat exchangers

Chlorinated solvents

Crude oil distillation towers

What are the characteristics of Monel 400?

Resistant to seawater and steam at high temperatures

Excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish water or seawater

Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in most freshwaters

Particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated

Offers some resistance to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids at modest temperatures and concentrations, but is seldom the material of choice for these acids

Excellent resistance to neutral and alkaline salt

Resistance to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking

Good mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to 1020° F

High resistance to alkalis

ASTM Specifications

Pipe Smls	Pipe Welded	Tube Smls	Sheet / Plate	Bar	Forging	Fitting
B165	B725	B163	B127	B164	B564	B366

Chemical Composition

Trade Name	ASTM/AISI Alloy type	UNS	%Cu	%Fe	%Mn	%Si	%Ni
Monel 400	B 127, B 164	N04400	28–34	2.5 max	2.0 max	0.5 max	63 min

Mechanical Properties Minimum Room Temperature Tensile Data

Product Form	Condition	Tensile (ksi)	.2% Yield (ksi)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (HRB)
Rod & Bar	Annealed	75-90	25-50	60-35	60-80
Rod & Bar	Cold-Drawn Stress Relieved	84-120	55-100	40-22	85-20 HRC
Plate	Annealed	70-85	28-50	50-35	60-76
Sheet	Annealed	70-85	30-45	45-35	65-80
Tube & Pipe Seamless	Annealed	70-85	25-45	50-35	75 max*

Corrosion Resistance

Alloy 400 is virtually immune to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking in typical environments. Generally, its corrosion resistance is very good in reducing environments, but poor in oxidizing conditions. Alloy 400 is resistant to most alkalis, salts, waters (including saline or brackish), food products, organic substances and atmospheric conditions at normal and elevated temperatures.

This alloy is not useful in highly oxidizing acids, such as nitric and nitrous. It is resistant to sulfuric acid in concentrations to 80% and in hydrochloric solutions in concentrations to 20%.

Oxidizing impurities such as ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, chromates, nitrates, peroxides, and cupric salts, can cause attack in a medium which would otherwise be relatively mild for the alloy.

Hot Working/Cold Working

Alloy 400 is readily hot or cold worked. The hot working range is 1700°F to 2150°F. Optimum working temperature is appoximately 2000°F. Finished fabrications can be produced to a rather wide range of mechanical properities by proper control of the amount of hot and/or cold work and by the selection of proper thermal treatments.

Machinability

The alloy can be machined at satisfactory rates with machine tools generally employed by industry. Generally, cold drawn or cold drawn-stress relieved material is suggested for best machinability and smoothest finish.

Joining

The alloy can be welded, brazed or soldered. Gas or electric welding methods can be employed. When gas welding, the flame must be closed to neutral (on the reducing side), and the work must be done rapidly without rewelding.

Heat Treatment

Both cold worked and hot worked Alloy 400 may be annealed or stress relieved for the desired combination of strength and ductility and to minimized distortion during subsequent machining.

Annealing

Heating should be done in a sulfur-free reducing atmosphere. The annealing range is 1300 to 1800°F, however 1600 to 1800°F is most typical. The lower annealing temperatures (e.g. 1300 to 1500°F) can be utilized with longer times at temperature to minimize grain coarsening.

Stress Relieving

Stress relieving will reduce stresses without recrystallizing the grain structure. Heating to 1000/1050°F for 1 to 2 hours will relieve strains in either hot or cold worked products.